Cancer is the highest cause of mortality in the US and is often associated with brutal treatments, which have detrimental effects on quality of life. Immunotherapies are novel cancer treatments that enables the body’s immune system to recognise, target and kill cancer cells. Immunotherapies are a type of targeted cancer therapy, meaning they allow the immune system to kill cancer cells specifically, which mitigates the side effects associated with non-specific treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Immunotherapies have also been successful in patients who have stopped responding to conventional first-line therapies and provide immune-memory, the ability of the immune system to remember cancer cells and produce an immune response if they return.

The most notable immunotherapy breakthroughs, which include Immune checkpoint inhibitors, CART-cell therapy and monoclonal antibodies, have revolutionised cancer treatment. However, for many patients who are in remission and are considered ‘cured’ cancer returns resulting in relapse, for which the mortality rate is high. Therefore, there is an unmet clinical need for an immunotherapy that can produce an effective immune response to cancer and block cancer relapse.